The TP4056 is a widely used linear lithium-ion battery charger IC, designed for efficiently charging 3.7V lithium-ion cells, including 18650 batteries. Manufactured by NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp., it features integrated protection against overcharging and over-discharging, ensuring both the safety and longevity of the battery.
With its compact ESOP-8 package, adjustable charging current up to 1A, and automatic charging control, the TP4056 is an ideal solution for portable electronic devices, power banks, and microcontroller-based projects. Its simplicity and low cost make it a popular choice in both DIY and commercial applications.
TP4056 Overview
The TP4056 is a linear lithium-ion battery charger IC designed for efficiently charging 3.7V lithium-ion cells, including 18650 batteries. Manufactured by NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp., it features integrated protection against overcharging and over-discharging, ensuring the safety and longevity of batteries. With a compact ESOP-8 package, adjustable charging current up to 1A, and automatic charging control, the TP4056 is ideal for portable electronic devices, power banks, and microcontroller-based projects requiring reliable power management.
Widely recognized for its affordability and simplicity, the TP4056 has become a staple in both DIY and commercial applications. It supports a stable input voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V, making it compatible with USB power sources. While its linear charging design results in higher heat dissipation compared to switching chargers, its ease of integration and minimal external component requirements make it a preferred choice for compact and space-constrained designs.
TP4056 Pinout
The TP4056 is a linear lithium-ion battery charger IC with an integrated protection circuit. It features essential pins for battery charging, power input, and indicator LEDs, ensuring efficient operation and monitoring. Below is the detailed pin configuration:
| Pin No. | Pin Name | Description |
| 1 | OUT+ | Outputs the positive voltage from the battery. Connect this pin to the positive terminal of the load circuit powered by the battery. |
| 2 | B+ | Provides positive voltage from the USB input to charge the battery. Connect this pin to the battery's positive terminal. |
| 3 | B- | Provides negative voltage from the USB input for charging the battery. Connect this pin to the battery's negative terminal. |
| 4 | OUT- | Outputs the negative voltage from the battery. Connect this pin to the ground of the load circuit powered by the battery. |
| 5 | IN+ | Accepts a +5V input voltage if a USB charging cable is not used. |
| 6 | IN- | Accepts the ground connection for the +5V input if a USB charging cable is not used. |
| 7 | LED Red | Lights up during the charging process, indicating that the battery is being charged. |
| 8 | LED Green | Lights up when the battery is fully charged, indicating the end of the charging process. |
TP4056 Specifications & Features
The TP4056 is a compact, efficient, and reliable linear charger IC designed for charging lithium-ion batteries with integrated protection features. It is suitable for a wide range of 3.7V batteries, including 18650 cells, offering adjustable charging capabilities and essential safeguards. Below is a detailed breakdown of its specifications and features:
Specifications
| Type | Parameter |
| Package / Case | ESOP-8 |
| Packaging | Tape & Reel (TR) |
| RoHS Status | RoHS Compliant |
| Input Voltage | 4.5V to 5.5V |
| Charging Current | 1A (adjustable) |
| Full Charge Voltage | 4.2V |
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
The following table outlines the absolute maximum ratings for the TP4056. Exceeding these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
| Parameter | Rating | Remarks |
| Input Supply Voltage (VCC) | -0.3V to 8V | Maximum allowable input voltage range. |
| TEMP Pin Voltage | -0.3V to 10V | Maximum voltage at the TEMP pin. |
| CE Pin Voltage | -0.3V to 10V | Maximum voltage at the CE pin. |
| BAT Short-Circuit Duration | Continuous | Short-circuit protection duration. |
| BAT Pin Current | 1200mA | Maximum output current at BAT pin. |
| PROG Pin Current | 1200μA | Maximum programming pin current. |
| Maximum Junction Temperature | 145°C | Safe operating junction temperature. |
| Operating Ambient Temperature Range | -40°C to 85°C | Recommended ambient temperature range. |
| Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) | 260°C | Peak temperature during soldering. |
Application
Charging and discharging lithium-ion batteries, including 18650 cells.
Solar-powered battery charging systems.
Power banks and portable charging devices.
Digital cameras and portable home appliances.
Cell phones, tablets, and other portable electronics.
Used with 5V boosters to power Arduino and other microcontroller-based projects.
#1 Typical Application
The TP4056 module is widely used for safe charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, including 18650 cells. The charging current is set to 1A by default but can be adjusted by modifying the resistor RPROG (R3) on the module.
The module features an automatic cut-off when the battery is fully charged, with a Red LED indicating charging and a Green LED signaling completion. Additionally, the module continuously monitors the battery voltage and disconnects the load if the voltage drops below 3.7V, preventing over-discharge. These features make it ideal for use in portable electronic devices, power banks, and battery management systems.
#2 Where to use
The TP4056 module is highly suitable for applications involving 3.7V lithium-ion batteries, particularly 18650 cells. Its ability to provide a constant charging voltage of 4.2V and safeguard batteries from overcharging or over-discharging makes it a reliable choice for various devices. It is commonly used in portable electronics such as mobile phones, tablets, cameras, and power banks. Additionally, its simplicity and minimal external component requirements make it an excellent choice for projects involving battery-powered microcontrollers, such as Arduino-based applications.
#3 How to use
The TP4056 module can be powered through a 5V micro USB input or via the IN+ and IN- solder pads. Connect the battery terminals to the B+ and B- pins, ensuring correct polarity as the module lacks reverse polarity protection. A multimeter can be used to verify battery polarity before connection to avoid damage. The charging process begins when the Red LED lights up, and it concludes with the Green LED turning on.
The module also features integrated monitoring, disconnecting the load automatically when the battery voltage drops below 3.7V to prevent over-discharge. For powering a circuit (load), connect it to the OUT+ and OUT- pads. If a load is connected during charging, it is recommended to disconnect it to avoid interference. The charging current can be customized by adjusting the RPROG resistor (R3) as per the circuit requirements, ensuring flexibility for various applications.
Read more: TP4056 Datasheet, Pinout and Application